Verbele ușoare în limba engleză

Definiția și exemplele verbelor ușoare în limba engleză

Verbele ușoare, cunoscute și sub denumirea de verbe auxiliare, joacă un rol esențial în gramatica limbii engleze. Acestea sunt verbe cu un conținut semantic redus, care servesc la a ajuta la construirea frazelor verbale și la exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale specifice.

Introducere

În domeniul lingvisticii, analiza verbelor și a funcției lor în cadrul frazelor verbale este crucială pentru înțelegerea structurii și semnificației limbii. Un concept important în această analiză îl reprezintă verbele ușoare, cunoscute și sub denumirea de verbe auxiliare. Aceste verbe, deși au un conținut semantic redus, joacă un rol esențial în construirea frazelor verbale, contribuind la exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale specifice, cum ar fi timpul, modul, vocea și aspectul.

Verbele ușoare, în contrast cu verbele lexicale, care exprimă acțiuni concrete, se caracterizează printr-o semantică vagă, funcționând ca niște “ajutoare” pentru verbele lexicale, contribuind la construirea unor structuri complexe și la exprimarea unor nuanțe gramaticale specifice. Ele pot fi identificate prin absența unui conținut semantic independent, putând fi înlocuite cu alte verbe ușoare fără a afecta semnificația de bază a propoziției.

Înțelegerea verbelor ușoare este esențială pentru o analiză corectă a sintaxei limbii engleze, având în vedere rolul lor crucial în construirea frazelor verbale și în exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale esențiale. Studiul verbelor ușoare contribuie la o mai bună înțelegere a modului în care limba engleză funcționează la nivel gramatical, oferind o perspectivă asupra complexității structurii limbajului.

Verbe ușoare⁚ O prezentare generală

Verbele ușoare, cunoscute și sub denumirea de verbe auxiliare, sunt o categorie gramaticală distinctă în limba engleză, caracterizată printr-un conținut semantic redus și o funcție gramaticală specifică. Spre deosebire de verbele lexicale, care exprimă acțiuni concrete, verbele ușoare servesc ca elemente auxiliare în construirea frazelor verbale, contribuind la exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale specifice, cum ar fi timpul, modul, vocea și aspectul.

Verbele ușoare nu au o semnificație independentă, ci își obțin sensul din contextul în care apar. De exemplu, verbul “to be” poate exprima existența, dar în fraza “I am eating”, el nu exprimă acțiunea de a “fi”, ci contribuie la construirea timpului prezent continuu. Verbele ușoare pot fi considerate ca niște “ajutoare” pentru verbele lexicale, contribuind la construirea unor structuri complexe și la exprimarea unor nuanțe gramaticale specifice.

Exemple de verbe ușoare în limba engleză includ⁚ “to be”, “to have”, “to do”, “will”, “can”, “may”, “should”, “must”, “would”, “could”, “might”. Aceste verbe pot fi identificate prin absența unui conținut semantic independent, putând fi înlocuite cu alte verbe ușoare fără a afecta semnificația de bază a propoziției. De exemplu, în fraza “I am going to the store”, verbul “am” poate fi înlocuit cu “will be” sau “should be” fără a afecta semnificația propoziției.

Funcția gramaticală a verbelor ușoare

Funcția gramaticală a verbelor ușoare este esențială pentru construirea corectă a frazelor verbale în limba engleză. Aceste verbe, deși au un conținut semantic redus, joacă un rol crucial în exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale specifice, cum ar fi timpul, modul, vocea și aspectul.

Verbele ușoare contribuie la formarea timpurilor verbale. De exemplu, verbul “to be” este folosit pentru a forma timpurile continue (present continuous, past continuous), iar verbul “to have” este folosit pentru a forma timpurile perfecte (present perfect, past perfect). Verbele ușoare pot exprima, de asemenea, modul, indicând atitudinea vorbitorului față de acțiune. De exemplu, verbul “will” exprimă viitorul, “can” exprimă posibilitatea, iar “must” exprimă obligația.

Verbele ușoare pot exprima și vocea, indicând relația dintre subiect și acțiune. De exemplu, verbul “to be” este folosit pentru a forma vocea pasivă. În plus, verbele ușoare pot exprima aspectul, indicând durata sau completarea acțiunii. De exemplu, verbul “to have” este folosit pentru a forma aspectul perfect, indicând completarea acțiunii.

Prin urmare, verbele ușoare joacă un rol esențial în gramatica limbii engleze, contribuind la construirea unor structuri verbale complexe și la exprimarea unor nuanțe gramaticale specifice.

Verbe ușoare vs. verbe lexicale

Distincția dintre verbele ușoare și verbele lexicale este crucială pentru înțelegerea funcționării gramaticale a limbii engleze. Verbele lexicale, cunoscute și sub denumirea de verbe de conținut, poartă sarcina principală de a exprima acțiunea sau starea. Acestea au un conținut semantic bogat și specific, oferind informații despre ceea ce se întâmplă. De exemplu, verbul “to run” descrie acțiunea de a alerga, verbul “to eat” descrie acțiunea de a mânca, iar verbul “to be” descrie starea de a fi.

Verbele ușoare, pe de altă parte, au un conținut semantic redus. Acestea nu exprimă o acțiune sau o stare specifică, ci servesc la a ajuta la construirea frazelor verbale și la exprimarea unor funcții gramaticale specifice, cum ar fi timpul, modul, vocea și aspectul. Ele sunt, de obicei, verbe auxiliare care se combină cu verbele lexicale pentru a forma fraze verbale complexe. De exemplu, în fraza “I am running”, verbul “am” este un verb ușor, iar verbul “running” este un verb lexical.

În esență, verbele lexicale poartă conținutul semantic al frazei verbale, în timp ce verbele ușoare contribuie la structura gramaticală a acesteia. Această distincție este esențială pentru o analiză gramaticală precisă a limbii engleze.

Tipuri de verbe ușoare

Verbele ușoare se clasifică în mai multe categorii, fiecare dintre acestea având o funcție gramaticală specifică. O primă categorie este reprezentată de verbele ușoare tranzitive, care necesită un obiect direct. Acestea includ verbe precum “to have”, “to take”, “to make”, “to give”, “to get”, “to put”, “to do”, “to bring”, “to keep”, “to hold”, “to leave”, “to send”, “to set”, “to tell”, “to show”, “to ask”, “to call”, “to find”, “to lose”, “to meet”, “to see”, “to hear”, “to feel”, “to smell”, “to taste”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to know”, “to believe”, “to think”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to try”, “to start”, “to stop”, “to continue”, “to finish”, “to begin”, “to end”, “to go”, “to come”, “to stay”, “to return”, “to arrive”, “to leave”, “to enter”, “to exit”, “to stand”, “to sit”, “to lie”, “to walk”, “to run”, “to jump”, “to swim”, “to fly”, “to climb”, “to fall”, “to rise”, “to sink”, “to turn”, “to open”, “to close”, “to break”, “to fix”, “to build”, “to destroy”, “to create”, “to invent”, “to discover”, “to explore”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”, “to remember”, “to forget”, “to understand”, “to believe”, “to doubt”, “to know”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to ask”, “to answer”, “to tell”, “to explain”, “to describe”, “to discuss”, “to argue”, “to agree”, “to disagree”, “to apologize”, “to thank”, “to congratulate”, “to invite”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to offer”, “to refuse”, “to accept”, “to reject”, “to buy”, “to sell”, “to pay”, “to borrow”, “to lend”, “to spend”, “to save”, “to waste”, “to earn”, “to lose”, “to win”, “to play”, “to work”, “to study”, “to learn”, “to teach”, “to read”, “to write”, “to speak”, “to listen”, “to sing”, “to dance”, “to cook”, “to eat”, “to drink”, “to sleep”, “to wake up”, “to dream”, “to think”, “to feel”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to fear”, “to hope”, “to wish”, “to want”, “to need”, “to like”, “to dislike”, “to enjoy”, “to suffer”, “to experience”,

Verbe ușoare tranzitive

Verbele ușoare tranzitive sunt acele verbe care necesită un obiect direct pentru a completa sensul propoziției. Ele acționează ca un fel de “lipici” gramatical, care leagă verbul lexical de obiectul direct. De exemplu, în propoziția “She took a picture”, verbul “took” este un verb ușor tranzitiv, iar “picture” este obiectul direct. Verbul “took” nu are o semnificație independentă, ci servește la a indica acțiunea de a lua. Semnificația reală a propoziției este dată de verbul lexical “picture”, care exprimă acțiunea de a fotografia.

Exemple de verbe ușoare tranzitive includ⁚

• to take
• to make
• to give
• to get
• to put
• to do
• to bring
• to keep
• to hold
• to leave
• to send
• to set
• to tell
• to show
• to ask
• to call
• to find
• to lose
• to meet
• to see
• to hear
• to feel
• to smell
• to taste

Aceste verbe pot fi combinate cu o gamă largă de verbe lexicale pentru a crea o varietate de fraze verbale cu sensuri complexe. De exemplu, “to take” poate fi combinat cu “a picture”, “a walk”, “a chance”, “a break”, “a look”, “a bath”, “a nap”, “a test”, “a decision”, “a risk”, “a turn”, “a seat”, “a drink”, “a bite”, “a ride”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a risk”, “a chance”, “a gamble”, “a 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