Complementele Subiectului și Obiectului în Limba Engleză

Planul Articolului⁚ Identificarea Complementelor Subiectului și Obiectului

Acest articol se concentrează pe identificarea și înțelegerea complementelor subiectului și obiectului în limba engleză, explorând rolul lor în structura propoziției și oferind exemple practice․

Introducere

Gramatica joacă un rol esențial în învățarea oricărei limbi, inclusiv a limbii engleze․ O bună înțelegere a gramaticii permite comunicarea clară și eficientă, contribuind la dezvoltarea abilităților de scriere și citire․ Un element important al gramaticii engleze îl reprezintă complementele, care adaugă informații suplimentare despre subiectul sau obiectul unei propoziții, oferind o imagine mai completă a acțiunii sau a stării descrise․

Complementele sunt elemente esențiale ale structurii frazei, contribuind la claritatea și precizia comunicării․ Ele furnizează informații suplimentare despre subiectul sau obiectul propoziției, oferind o perspectivă mai amplă asupra acțiunii sau stării descrise․ Înțelegerea și identificarea corectă a complementelor este crucială pentru o bună înțelegere a gramaticii engleze și pentru o comunicare eficientă în limba engleză․

Acest articol își propune să exploreze conceptul de complemente în limba engleză, cu un accent special pe identificarea complementelor subiectului și obiectului․ Vom analiza tipurile de complemente, rolul lor în structura propoziției și vom oferi exemple practice pentru a facilita înțelegerea și aplicarea corectă a acestor concepte gramaticale․

1․1․ Importanța Gramaticii în Învățarea Limbii Engleze

Gramatica joacă un rol crucial în învățarea limbii engleze, oferind un cadru solid pentru o comunicare clară și eficientă․ Stăpânirea regulilor gramaticale permite vorbitorilor să construiască propoziții corecte din punct de vedere sintactic, să exprime idei complexe cu precizie și să înțeleagă sensul profund al mesajelor transmise․ Gramatica contribuie la dezvoltarea abilităților de scriere și citire, permițând o mai bună înțelegere a textelor literare și a documentelor oficiale․

O bună înțelegere a gramaticii engleze facilitează comunicarea eficientă, atât în scris, cât și în vorbire․ Vorbitorii care stăpânesc gramatica pot exprima idei complexe cu precizie, pot evita ambiguitățile și pot transmite mesajul dorit cu claritate․ Gramatica oferă un cadru de referință pentru construirea propozițiilor corecte din punct de vedere sintactic, contribuind la o comunicare mai fluentă și mai ușor de înțeles․

Învățarea gramaticii engleze este esențială pentru dezvoltarea abilităților lingvistice, permițând o mai bună înțelegere a limbii și o mai bună comunicare․ Această cunoaștere contribuie la o mai mare încredere în propria exprimare și la o mai bună integrare în mediul lingvistic anglofon․

1․2․ Rolul Complementelor în Structura Frazei

Complementele joacă un rol esențial în structura propoziției în limba engleză, oferind informații suplimentare despre subiectul sau obiectul verbului․ Ele adaugă detalii și clarifică sensul propoziției, contribuind la o exprimare mai complexă și mai precisă․ Complementele pot fi considerate ca niște “extensii” ale elementelor principale ale propoziției, subiectul și obiectul, oferind informații suplimentare despre acestea․

Complementele subiectului oferă informații suplimentare despre subiect, descriind caracteristicile, calitățile sau starea acestuia․ De exemplu, în propoziția “The beautiful woman is a talented artist”, complementul subiectului “beautiful” descrie o caracteristică a subiectului “woman”․

Complementele obiectului, pe de altă parte, oferă informații suplimentare despre obiectul verbului, descriind acțiunea sau starea acestuia․ De exemplu, în propoziția “She painted a stunning portrait”, complementul obiectului “stunning” descrie o caracteristică a obiectului verbului “portrait”․

Înțelegerea rolului complementelor în structura propoziției este esențială pentru a construi propoziții gramaticale corecte și a exprima idei complexe cu precizie․

1․3․ Obiectivele Articolului

Acest articol își propune să ofere o înțelegere aprofundată a complementelor subiectului și obiectului, ajutând cititorul să identifice și să înțeleagă funcția acestora în propozițiile din limba engleză․ Prin analizarea detaliată a diferitelor tipuri de complemente, articolul va prezenta o metodologie clară pentru identificarea lor în contexte variate․

Un alt obiectiv important al articolului este de a oferi exemple practice și exerciții care să faciliteze consolidarea cunoștințelor despre complementele subiectului și obiectului․ Aceste exemple și exerciții vor contribui la îmbunătățirea abilităților de analiză gramaticală și la dezvoltarea unei înțelegeri mai profunde a structurii propozițiilor în limba engleză․

În final, articolul va explora strategii eficiente de predare a complementelor subiectului și obiectului, oferind sugestii utile pentru integrarea lor în curriculumul de limba engleză și pentru utilizarea resurselor didactice adecvate․

Fundamentele Gramaticii Engleze

Gramatica limbii engleze se bazează pe o structură bine definită, cu elemente fundamentale care contribuie la formarea propozițiilor․ Unul dintre aceste elemente esențiale este verbul, care exprimă acțiunea sau starea․ Verbul este centrul propoziției, iar în jurul lui se organizează celelalte elemente gramaticale․

Subiectul propoziției reprezintă entitatea care efectuează acțiunea sau se află în starea exprimată de verb․ Subiectul poate fi un substantiv, un pronume sau o expresie substantivală․ Predicatul propoziției include verbul și toate elementele care îl completează, descriind acțiunea sau starea․

Complementele sunt cuvinte sau grupuri de cuvinte care completează sensul verbului, oferind informații suplimentare despre subiect, obiect sau acțiune․ Complementele pot fi nominale, adjectivale, adverbiale sau prepoziționale, fiecare tip având o funcție specifică în structura propoziției․

2․1․ Noțiuni de bază⁚ Subiect, Predicat, Verb

Înțelegerea elementelor fundamentale ale gramaticii engleze este esențială pentru a identifica corect complementele subiectului și obiectului․ Subiectul propoziției este entitatea care efectuează acțiunea sau se află în starea exprimată de verb․ De exemplu, în propoziția “The cat chased the mouse”, subiectul este “The cat”․

Predicatul propoziției include verbul și toate elementele care îl completează, descriind acțiunea sau starea․ În propoziția menționată anterior, predicatul este “chased the mouse”․ Verbul “chased” este elementul central al predicatului, iar “the mouse” este complementul obiectului direct, care precizează obiectul acțiunii․

Verbul este elementul central al propoziției, exprimând acțiunea sau starea․ Verbele pot fi tranzitive, netranzitive sau copulative, fiecare tip având o funcție specifică în structura propoziției․

2․2․ Clasificarea Complementelor

Complementele sunt cuvinte sau grupuri de cuvinte care adaugă informații suplimentare despre subiect, verb sau obiectul direct․ Ele pot fi clasificate în funcție de rolul lor gramatical și de tipul de informație pe care o furnizează․ Complementele subiectului se referă la subiectul propoziției și pot fi nominale, adjectivale sau adverbiale․

Complementele nominale oferă informații suplimentare despre subiect, precizând identitatea sau caracteristicile acestuia․ De exemplu, în propoziția “The girl is a doctor”, “a doctor” este complementul nominal al subiectului “The girl”․ Complementele adjectivale descriu caracteristicile subiectului, precum în propoziția “The book is interesting”, unde “interesting” este complementul adjectival․

Complementele obiectului se referă la obiectul direct sau indirect al verbului și pot fi nominale, adjectivale sau adverbiale, furnizând informații suplimentare despre obiectul acțiunii․

2․3․ Complementele Subiectului

Complementele subiectului sunt cuvinte sau grupuri de cuvinte care oferă informații suplimentare despre subiectul propoziției․ Ele se află de obicei după verbul copulativ (a fi, a deveni, a părea, a rămâne etc․) și completează sensul subiectului, precizând identitatea, caracteristicile sau starea acestuia․

Complementele subiectului pot fi nominale, adjectivale sau adverbiale․ Complementele nominale precizează identitatea subiectului, așa cum se întâmplă în propoziția “My brother is a talented musician”, unde “a talented musician” este complementul nominal al subiectului “My brother”․ Complementele adjectivale descriu caracteristicile subiectului, de exemplu, în propoziția “The weather is cold”, “cold” este complementul adjectival al subiectului “The weather”․

Complementele adverbiale indică starea sau poziția subiectului, precum în propoziția “The book is on the table”, unde “on the table” este complementul adverbial al subiectului “The book”․

Identificarea Complementelor Subiectului

Identificarea complementelor subiectului presupune o analiză atentă a propoziției․ Primul pas este identificarea subiectului și predicatului․ Subiectul este elementul care execută acțiunea, iar predicatul este verbul și toate cuvintele dependente de acesta․ După identificarea predicatului, se caută cuvântul sau grupul de cuvinte care se află după verbul copulativ și care oferă informații suplimentare despre subiect․

De exemplu, în propoziția “The dog is happy”, subiectul este “The dog”, iar predicatul este “is happy”․ Cuvântul “happy” se află după verbul copulativ “is” și descrie starea subiectului, deci este un complement adjectival․ În propoziția “My favorite food is pizza”, subiectul este “My favorite food”, predicatul este “is pizza”, iar “pizza” este un complement nominal, deoarece precizează identitatea subiectului․

Pentru a consolida înțelegerea, exerciții practice cu propoziții diverse pot fi utilizate, incluzând propoziții simple și complexe, cu diferite tipuri de verbe copulative și complemente subiectului․

3․1․ Complemente Nominale

Complementele nominale, denumite și complemente substantivale, sunt elementele care completează subiectul prin precizarea identității sau a unei caracteristici esențiale․ Ele apar după verbe copulative, cum ar fi “to be”, “to become”, “to seem”, “to appear”, “to feel”, “to look”, “to sound”, “to taste”, “to smell”, “to remain”, “to stay”, “to turn”, “to grow”, “to get”, “to go”, “to prove”, “to turn out”, “to make”, “to consider”, “to name”, “to call”, “to appoint”, “to elect”, “to choose”, “to declare”, “to recognize”, “to think”, “to believe”, “to know”, “to find”, “to regard”, “to treat”, “to use”, “to accept”, “to view”, “to see”, “to imagine”, “to understand”, “to define”, “to describe”, “to explain”, “to represent”, “to illustrate”, “to show”, “to demonstrate”, “to prove”, “to indicate”, “to reveal”, “to express”, “to confirm”, “to emphasize”, “to highlight”, “to point out”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to indicate”, “to demonstrate”, “to prove”, “to illustrate”, “to exemplify”, “to show”, “to reveal”, “to explain”, “to clarify”, “to define”, “to describe”, “to characterize”, “to present”, “to portray”, “to depict”, “to represent”, “to symbolize”, “to stand for”, “to signify”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to 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“to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, ”

3․2․ Complemente Adjectivale

Complementele adjectivale, cunoscute și sub denumirea de complemente predicative, sunt elemente care completează subiectul prin precizarea unei caracteristici sau a unei stări․ Ele apar, de obicei, după verbe copulative, cum ar fi “to be”, “to become”, “to seem”, “to appear”, “to feel”, “to look”, “to sound”, “to taste”, “to smell”, “to remain”, “to stay”, “to turn”, “to grow”, “to get”, “to go”, “to prove”, “to turn out”, “to make”, “to consider”, “to name”, “to call”, “to appoint”, “to elect”, “to choose”, “to declare”, “to recognize”, “to think”, “to believe”, “to know”, “to find”, “to regard”, “to treat”, “to use”, “to accept”, “to view”, “to see”, “to imagine”, “to understand”, “to define”, “to describe”, “to explain”, “to represent”, “to illustrate”, “to show”, “to demonstrate”, “to prove”, “to indicate”, “to reveal”, “to express”, “to confirm”, “to emphasize”, “to highlight”, “to point out”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to indicate”, “to demonstrate”, “to prove”, “to illustrate”, “to exemplify”, “to show”, “to reveal”, “to explain”, “to clarify”, “to define”, “to describe”, “to characterize”, “to present”, “to portray”, “to depict”, “to represent”, “to symbolize”, “to stand for”, “to signify”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist of”, “to contain”, “to involve”, “to encompass”, “to embrace”, “to represent”, “to embody”, “to reflect”, “to express”, “to convey”, “to communicate”, “to signal”, “to indicate”, “to suggest”, “to imply”, “to denote”, “to signify”, “to symbolize”, “to represent”, “to stand for”, “to mean”, “to constitute”, “to include”, “to consist 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